(1) Introducing Higher Tribalism

Is Globalisation making us “one”, or are we divided by tribal allegiances?

Joel Kotkin’s book Tribes is a study of five such tribes – Jews, British (which includes “white “Australians & Americans of English/Irish ancestry), Japanese, Chinese and Indians. Each has a homeland core, a diaspora spread around the world, and a cultural sense of uniqueness. More from Kotkin below.

Amy Chua, a Filipino of Chinese “tribe”, wrote a book called World On Fire, about “market-dominant minorities,” groups like the Chinese in Southeast Asia, Jews in Russia, whites in Zimbabwe and Indians in East Africa and Fiji.

Michelle Goldberg wrote in her review of it:

‘Market-dominant minorities control hugely disproportionate percentages of their countries’ resources. Filipino Chinese comprise just 1 to 2 percent of the Philippines’ population, but control all of the country’s major supermarkets, fast-food restaurants and large department stores, and all but one of the nation’s banks. A similar situation obtains in Indonesia. Jews make up a similarly tiny proportion of Russia‘s population, but of the seven “oligarchs” who control virtually all of the country’s business, six are Jewish. Lebanese dominate the economies in Sierra Leone and Gambia, while Indians dominate the economy in Kenya, along with a smaller, indigenous minority tribe called the Kikuyu. Similar examples abound worldwide. …

‘In Indonesia … By 1998, Chua writes, Chinese made up 3 percent of the population but controlled 70 percent of the private economy.‘

Yuri Slezkine’s book The Jewish Century is also about higher tribalism. He wrote: ‘… The most common way to describe the role and the fate of Indonesia’s Chinese is to call them “the Jews of Asia.”‘ (p. 39); Slezkine himself, like Kotkin, is Jewish slezkine.html.

In the US, Benjamin Ginsberg, a Jewish Professor, wrote in his book The Fatal Embrace: “Today, though barely 2% of the nation’s population is Jewish, close to half its billionaires are Jews. The chief executive officers of the three major television networks, and the four largest film studios are Jews, as are the owners of the nation’s largest newspaper chain and most influential single newspaper, the New York Times. In the late 1960s, Jews already constituted 20% of the faculty of elite universities and 40% of the professors of elite law schools; today, these percentages doubtless are higher.” (p.1) ginsberg.html.

When the Vikings invaded Europe, they brought Aryanism (European tribalism and militancy) back into pacifist Europe, and it was blended into Christianity. The Church, unable to resist them militarily, baptised them as Normans. The Norman aristocrats ruled as the First Estate, and the Church as the Second. Pressed by Islam, the Church launched the Crusades, led by the Normans, and the same combination conquered the New World.

This was not the first expansion of Indo-European-speaking (Aryan) peoples. They had originated in the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia – at that time they cannot be called “Europeans”, so “Aryans” must do – and from there conquered India (destroying the Harappan civilization: rig-veda.html), parts of the Middle East (including participating in the Hyksos invasion of Egypt), and Western Europe.

The chariot appears to have been invented by Aryans in Central Asia, and to have spread both West & East from there. The chariot was the tank of the day, and allowed blitzkrieg invasions. Those invaded had to acquire the technology, one way or the other.

Old Kingdom Egypt had no chariots. The Hyksos had chariots, which would have helped them to defeat Egypt. Later pharoahs had them, and the Jewish god Yahweh is depicted, in the Bible, sitting on a Merkabah (Merkavah), which means “throne-chariot”.

The chariot reached China from Central Asia. Silk road archeological findings substantiate cultural exchange between East & West.

The word “Aryan” is today preserved in the names of the countries “Iran” and “Ireland”, i.e. “Eire” = “Aryan”, showing the extent of the Aryan conquest. Marija Gimbutas, below, shows the reality of Aryan “nobility”.

When we consider the way that Pizarro, with his small band of conquistadores, conquered the Inca empire, with deception and brutality, we ask ourselves, do we support or reject such behaviour. I personally feel very uncomfortable about it. Yet here we are, inheritors of Australia due to similar behaviour of our own ancestors.

This history of the two waves of Indo-European expansion is embarrassing, in our Internationalist age, and not well covered in history books, so I have included a number of readings from experts, plus links for follow-ups.

(Reading 1}
Jared Diamond wrote in his book The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee (Vintage Books, London 1991), later published as The Third Chimpanzee:

{p. 225} More than 4,000 years before the recent expansion of Europeans over all other continents, there was an earlier expansion within Europe and western Asia that sired most of the languages spoken in that region today. Although those earlier conquerors were illiterate, much of their language and culture can be reconstructed from shared word roots preserved in modern Indo-European languages.

{p. 226} Of all the processes by which the modern world lost its earlier linguistic diversity, the Indo-European expansion has been the most important. Its first stage, which long ago carried Indo-European languages over Europe and much of Asia, was followed by a second stage that began in 1492 and carried them to all other continents.

{p. 232} The sole such vestige surviving in Western Europe today is the Basque language of Spain … All such vanished non-lndo-European languages were part of the debris left from the Indo-European expansion.

{p. 235} … linguists have been able to reconstruct much of the grammar and nearly 2,000 word roots of the mother tongue, termed proto-Indo-European but usually abbreviated as PIE.

{p. 242} PIE is strikingly deficient in words for the crops that defined the first farmers. Hittite, the oldest known Indo-European language of Turkey, is not the Indo-European language closest to pure PIE … but is instead the most deviant language and the one least Indo-European in its vocabulary. … Everything else suggests that farming instead brought to Europe the older languages that PIE overran, like Etruscan and Basque. …

The first evidence of horse domestication is for the Sredny Stog culture around 4000 BC, in the steppes just north of the Black Sea, where archaeologist David Anthony has identified wearmarks on horses’ teeth that indicate use of a bit for riding. …

{p. 245} As archaeologist Marija Gimbutas, from the University of California, Los Angeles, has argued, the Russian steppe peoples who lived west of the Ural Mountains in the fourth millenium BC fit quite well into our postulated picture of proto-Indo-Europeans. They lived at the right time. Their culture included the important economic elements reconstructed for PIE (like wheels and horses), and lacked the elements lacking from PIE (like battle chariots and many crop terms). They lived in the right place for PIE: the temperate zone, south of Finno-Ugric peoples, near the later homeland of Lithuanians and other Balts. …

However … the steppe culture could not spread intact to Ireland. The steppe itself reaches its western limit in the plains of Hungary. That is where all subsequent steppe invaders of Europe, such as the Mongols, stopped. To spread further, steppe society had to adapt to the forested landscape of Western Europe – by adopting intensive agriculture, or by taking over existing European societies and hybridizing with their peoples. Most of the genes of the resulting hybrid societies may have been the genes of Old Europe. {end}

For more see diamond.html.

(Reading 2}
The Origin of Horseback Riding, by David Anthony, Dimitri Y. Telegin and Dorcas Brown

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, December 1991

{p. 48A} It is possible that the first riders spoke a language we would now call proto-Indo-European. Linguists have reconstructed that language, now long extinct, from the evidence of its descendant tongues. These include Sanskrit, Homeric Greek and Latin, as well as such modern languages as English, French, Russian and Persian. …

An Eastward dispersion by the first riders would have encountered only small and scattered human resistance. Dispersal to the west would have been much more complex because it would have encountered the well-established agricultural societies of Copper Age Europe. Archaeological data and theoretical models of migration tend to support the theory that such movements took place, first in the east, and then to the west, between 3500 and 3000 B.C.

In all these developments the horse played a critical role, as it would continue to do in human events for the next 5,000 years. But it is now clear that it took a very long time for the custom of riding to diffuse southward into the Middle East. When horses finally did appear there, around 2200 to 2000 B.C., they were used in a role previously played by asses or ass-onager hybrids, as draft animals attached to battle carts. The superior size and speed of horses and perhaps new control methods based on the bit contributed to the refinement of the war chariot by 1800 B.C. It was as a chariot animal that the horse trotted onto the pages of history, two millennia after it had first been broken to the bridle. {end}

For more on this topic, see needham-anthony.html.

(Reading 3}
Marija Gimbutas, The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe 3500 – 3500 BC, updated edition, Thames and Hudson, London 1982.

{p. 9} The term Old Europe is applied to a pre-Indo-European culture of Europe, a culture matrifocal and probably matrilinear, agricultural and sedentary, egalitarian and peaceful. It contrasted sharply with the ensuing proto-Indo-European culture which was patriarchal, stratified, pastoral, mobile and war-oriented, superimposed on all Europe, except the southern and western fringes, in the course of three waves of infiltration from the Russian steppe, between 4500 and 2500 B.C. During and after this period the female deities, or more accurately the Goddess Creatrix in her many aspects, were largely replaced by the predominantly male divinities of the Indo-Europeans. What developed after c. 2500 BC was a melange of the two mythic systems, Old European and Indo-European. …

(Reading 4}
Marija Gimbutas, The Civilization of the Goddess, edited by Joan Marler (HarperSanFrancisco, New York 1991):

{p. 352} The collapse of Old Europe coincides with the process of Indo-Europeanization of Europe, a complicated transformative process leading to a drastic cultural change reminiscent of the conquest of the American continent. … The Proto- or Early Indo-Europeans, whom I have labeled “Kurgan” people, arrived from the east, from southern Russia, on horseback. Their first contact … began around the middle of the 5th millennium B.C. A continuous flow of influences and people into east-central Europe was initiated which lasted for two millennia.

Following this collision of cultures, Old Europe was transformed, and later European prehistory and history became a “marble cake” composed of non-lndo-European and Indo-European elements. …

The Kurgan tradition represents a stark contrast to the civilization of Old Europe which was, in the main, peaceful, sedentary, matrifocal, matrilineal, and sex egalitarian. The Kurgans were a warlike, patriarchal, and hierarchical culture with distinctive burial rites …

The livelihood and mobility of the Kurgan people depended on the domesticated horse, in sharp contrast to the Old European agriculturalists to whom the horse was unknown. {end}

More at gimbutas.html.

(Reading 5}
Cyrus H. Gordon on the Aryan Invasions

Cyrus H. Gordon wrote in his book Before the Bible: the Common Background of Greek and Hebrew Civilisations (Collins, London, 1962):

{p. 25} The influx of Indo-European immigrants into the Near East during the second millennium B.C. revolutionised the art of war. The newcomers introduced the horse-drawn war-chariot, which gave a swift striking power hitherto unknown in the Near East.

{p. 26} The elite charioteer officers, who bear the Indo-European name of maryannu, soon became a new aristocracy throughout the entire area, including Egypt. With them appears also a new type of royal epic, which we may call the Indo-European War Epic. Embedded in it is a motif that has become commonplace in world literature: the Helen of Troy theme, whereby a hero loses his destined bride and must wage a war to win her back. Greek and Indic epic illustrate this theme {The Indian one is the Ramayana}, and it is from the Iliad that it has become popular in the modern West. However, it is completely absent from the romantic literatures of early Mesopotamia and Egypt, and it appears in the Semitic World only in the wake of the Indo-Europeans with their maryannu aristocracy. The Helen of Troy theme first appears at Ugarit of the Amarna Age, in a community where the Indo-European elements are present, including a firmly entrenched organisation of maryannu. As we shall note later, the theme permeates the early traditions of Israel, particularly the saga of Abraham. {end}

For more from Gordon see gordon.html.

(Reading 6}
Martin Bernal on the Aryan Invasions, in Black Athena

Bernal, despite his pugnacious style, is surely right when he writes, in Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization Volume II The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ, 1991):

{p. 321} Interest in the Hurrians and their kingdom of Mitanni, which flourished in Northern Mesopotamia and Eastern Syria in the middle of the second millenium, became still more intense when it was discovered that the Mitanni swore by Indian gods, some of their kings had Aryan Indian names and, even more sensationally, some of their charioteering terms – the Mitanni were famous for their horses and chariots – were found to be very close to those in Sanskrit. The most plausible explanation of this situation was to suppose that speakers of Indo-Aryan, that is to say of the Indo-Iranian language that resembled Indian not Iranian, had conquered the Hurrians and retained

{p. 322} a dominance over Hurrian society, which gave the latter the dynamism to sweep through Southwest Asia. …

Hurrians and Indo-Aryans have also been linked to the development and use of the light war chariot, and diffusionists have tended to see this as the secret of their military success. This seemed plausible as there is little or no trace of horses and chariots in Middle Kingdom Egypt, while they played an important role in the 15th and later Dynasties. Against this attempt to link the Hurrians and Hyksos scholars were able to argue, until recently, that, as chariots were first mentioned in Egypt at the end of the Hyksos period, there is no reason to suppose that they had been present at its beginning. In the 1960s, however, horses or at least ‘equids’ were found buried in association with Hyksos graves dating from the second half of the 18th century BC. Thus, there would seem no reason to deny the inherently plausible notion that horses and chariots came in with the Hyksos, and that the Hyksos ‘invasion’ was directly or indirectly connected to the Hurrian expansion and further that there may have been Indo-Aryan speakers involved in the movement.

{p. 323} … the material and linguistic culture introduced by the Hyksos into Egypt seems to have been overwhelmingly that of the neighbouring Canaanites and it was this Egypto-Levantine civilization with some ‘barbaric’ elements that dominated Lower Egypt between 1750 and 1570 BC. {end}

More from Bernal at diop.html.

(Reading 7}
A.L. Basham on the Aryan Invasions, in The Wonder That Was India

A. L. Basham wrote in The Wonder That Was India (Grove Press, New York, 1959):

{p. 27} Sporadic traces of contact can be found between the Indus cities and Sumeria, and there is some reason to believe that these contacts continued under the First

{p. 28} Dynasty of Babylon, which produced the great lawgiver Hammurabi. This dynasty was also overwhelmed by barbarians, the Kassites, who came from the hills of Iran and conquered by virtue of their horse-drawn chariots. After the Kassite invasion no trace of contact with the Indus can be found in Mesopotamia, and it is therefore likely that the Indus cities fell at about the same time as the dynasty of Hammurabi. Earlier authorities placed the latter event in the first centuries of the 2nd millennium B.C., but new evidence, which appeared shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, has resulted in a revised chronology. The fall of the First Babylonian Dynasty is now thought to have taken place about 1600 B.C.

… Many competent authorities, led by Sir R. Mortimer Wheeler, now believe that Harappa was overthrown by the Aryans.

The invaders of India called themselves Aryas, a word generally anglicized into Aryans. The name was also used by the ancient Persians, and survives in the word Iran, while Eire, the name of the most westerly land reached by Indo-European peoples in ancient times, is also cognate. {end}

More at gimbutas.html.

(Reading 8}
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Genes, Peoples, and Languages, tr. Mark Seielstad, Penguin, New York, 2000.

{p. 109} To our great astonishment, we saw that the first principal component {of the European gene map} … perfectly matched the map plotting the arrival dates of cereals in Europe according to radiocarbon estimates (figure 5).

{p. 110} {text at figure 6} there was an expansion of farmers from the Middle East into Europe, who, in the course of expansion, mixed with local hunter-gatherers, who had different gene frequencies. {end of text at figure 6}

{p. 117} The third principal component is extremely interesting. …

{p. 118} It shows an expansion originating in all area north of the Caucasus and the Black and Caspian Seas, which the archeologist Marjia {it should be Marija} Gimbutas had already proposed as the homeland of Indo-European speakers.

We shall discuss the evolution of languages in the next chapter. Suffice it to say here that much discussion has centered on the geographic origins of the Indo-European languages, with suggestions spanning from central Europe to Central Asia. Marjia Gimbutas has suggested that the Indo-European languages spread from a region north of the Caueasus and south of the Urals, where numerous tombs called kurgan have been found. These tombs were filled with sculptures, precious metals, bronze weapons, and the skeletons of both warriors and horses. Ecologically, the area belongs to the Eurasiatic steppe, which extends almost without interruption from Romania to Manchuria. Horses were common in the area, and the archeologist David Anthony has recently shown that they were probably domesticated in the vicinity of this Kurgan culture, where chariots and bronze weapons were made more than 5,000 years ago. Without written documents, it is very difficult for archaeologists to say what language was spoken in this region at the time.

{p. 159} The Indo-European Family

… Not long ago, one of the most popular theories was proposed by the archeologist Marjia Gimbutas, who postulated an origin above the Black Sea and associated the earliest speakers of Indo-European with the Kurgan culture of the Asian steppes. But when Gimbutas published her hypothesis, the Kurgan lates were poorly known. She assumed 3,000 to 3,500 years B.C., a date which was rejected as too old by English archeologists. Gimbutas’s dates appear to have been vindicated by new excavations, which have also shown that horses were probably domesticated and mounted at that time and that war chariots were built in this area. {end}

More at gimbutas.html.

(Reading 9)
Kevin McDonald wrote in his book The Culture of Critique  (Praeger, Westport, CT, 1998):

{p. 319} … immigrants from East Asian countries are outcompeting whites in gaining admission to universities and in prestigious high-income jobs. The long-term result will be that the entire white population (not including Jews) is likely to suffer a social status decline as these new imnmigrants become more numerous. (Jews are unlikely to suffer a decline in social status not only because their mean IQ is well above that of the East Asians but, more importantly, because Jewish IQ is skewed toward excelling in verbal skills. The high IQ of East Asians is skewed toward performance IQ which makes them powerful competitors in engineering and technology. … Presently white gentiles are the most underrepresented group at Harvard, accounting for approximately 25 percent of the students, while Asians and Jews constitute at least half of the student body while constituting no more than five percent of the population (Unz 1998). The United States is well on the road to being dominated by an Asian technocratic elite and a Jewish business, professional, and media elite.

---

Source : http://mailstar.net/tribes.html

---